REMBRANDT - Etchings from the Boijmans Van Beuningen - A great master of the Dutch Golden Age is honoured in Québec City
QUÉBEC CITY, April 24, 2024 /CNW/ - The indispensable, timeless work of Rembrandt van Rijn (1606-1669), the great master of 17th century European art, will be presented at the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec (MNBAQ) from April 25 to September 2, 2024.
In an exclusive Canadian engagement through an outstanding loan from a prestigious Dutch museum, the Rembrandt. Etchings from the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen international exhibition of a scope rarely seen in Canada assembles 80 etchings of one of the greatest engravers of all time in an unforgettable intimate experience.
A major figure of the Dutch Golden Age, Rembrandt contributed decisively to the flourishing of Baroque Art and is recognized for his highly personal treatment of chiaroscuro and his very modern humanism. His art is celebrated for its vivid imagination and striking emotional richness and has been universally admired since the 17th century.
Rembrandt achieved notoriety during his lifetime through his engraved work, which was much more extensively disseminated in Europe than his paintings and drawings. Generations of enthusiasts, artists, and collectors have admired the remarkable fluidity of his strokes and his outstanding mastery of light.
Trained as a painter, Rembrandt was self-taught as an engraver. He readily drew inspiration from the work of his contemporaries and reinvented the technique. Spurred by a desire to secure a place among his most illustrious predecessors, the artist revolutionized the art of engraving by adopting a resolutely experimental approach and by developing the process to the utmost. Like Albrecht Dürer, Käthe Kollwitz or Francisco de Goya and Pablo Picasso, Rembrandt ranks among the foremost masters in the history of European engraving. He produced some of the most celebrated works in the medium and his impact on the discipline is still relevant today.
Rembrandt produced 300 engravings between 1625 and 1665. Most of the works are etchings, a complex technique in which the image is etched on a copper plate using an acid. For Rembrandt, etching was a full-fledged art form equal to painting that he researched passionately throughout his career. Almost all his prints are original works independent of his paintings. Moreover, one section of the exhibition explains the creative process surrounding his works to reveal the complexity of this technique that the Dutch artist mastered perfectly.
The exhibition includes all the subjects that Rembrandt broached over time, i.e., portraits and self-portraits, religious and mythological scenes, genre scenes, landscapes, nudes, and study sheets. His self-portraits reconstitute the artist's biography while his religious prints propose a unique, truly spectacular interpretation of the Bible. Certain of Rembrandt's religious works are among his most ambitious. His landscapes reveal an artist of great sensitivity. His portraits and genre scenes display the full diversity of Dutch society at the time. All or almost all the themes afforded Rembrandt a pretext for innovation.
Most of Rembrandt's works are etchings, a technique in which the image is etched on a copper plate using an acid (the aqua fortis of the ancient alchemists). The artist draws his design using a metal point on a metal plate that has been varnished beforehand. The plate is then placed in an acid bath that etches away the areas that the drawing exposes, leaving the other parts intact. The hollows are then inked and placed on a press to make several paper prints.
Among the various engraving techniques, etching is the means of expression that painters favour since it achieves effects similar to those of a pen nib and affords a freedom of execution similar to that of drawing. Etchings emerged in the late 15th century but blossomed through Rembrandt's innovations.
The works selected for the Québec City exhibition will offer a panorama that reveals Rembrandt's outstanding skill as an engraver in the human, aesthetic, and technical dimensions of engraving. Moreover, the exhibition includes the artist's greatest masterpieces and several other outstanding works.
Among the essential engravings, Christ Blessing the Children and Healing the Sick (circa 1648) is one of the most celebrated prints of all time and attests Rembrandt's considerable mastery. The work display great virtuosity. The extremely varied strokes and subtle light effects made it an immediate success. Dubbed The Hundred Guilder Print, it reached an unrivalled price on the art market during the artist's lifetime. It is worth noting that at the time, for 100 florins (the currency of the Netherlands), it was possible to purchase an oil painting by the artist, whereas his prints usually cost pennies.
The Three Crosses (1653) ranks among Rembrandt's most experimental, surprising engravings. The print was not produced by means of etching but instead by dry-point engraving on the copper plate. The exceptional light makes the silhouettes emerge from deep darkness, an effect that is extremely hard to obtain. The work is structured by powerful contrasts of shadow and light that help create an inspired, visionary atmosphere.
The Mill (1641) is noteworthy for the refinement of the details that Rembrandt represents in the work. In his rendering of this landscape, the artist, a miller's son, who was thoroughlyh familiar with Dutch windmills, succeeded in making the engraving especially touching. The print enjoyed immense success and Rembrandt made several printings of it.
Rembrandt's mother served as a model in several etchings, including The Artist's Mother in a Cloth Headdress, Looking Down (1633). He did not seek to idealize the mother of 10 children who was 65 years old when he produced this work. In point of fact, Rembrandt did not produce her portrait but instead "tronies," studies of facial expressions that enabled him to explore the representation of an array of expressions and emotions.
Three Studies of Heads, One Sleeping* (1637), one of the most astonishing facets of Rembrandt's output, is a print and not a drawing. The women's faces with varied expressions exactly resemble the sketches that Rembrandt drew at the same period. The artist's engravings include several works of this type and Rembrandt deemed them completed works.
In Adam and Eve* (1638), another surprising engraving, Rembrandt decided to show Adam and Eve at a certain age with bodies much less idealized than was usually the case in art at the time. Hence, the artist sought to show the consequences of their sin and the expulsion from the Garden of Eden as described in Genesis. The gestures and gesticulations of the characters express hesitation, judgment, and scepticism. In this way, Rembrandt added a psychological dimension to the Old Testament story.
Saint Jerome Writing Under a Willow Tree* presents a serene rural scene and is one of the seven representations that Rembrandt made of Saint Jerome between 1629 and 1654. Saint Jerome enjoyed exceptional renown in Protestant countries, as Rembrandt's interest in this intellectual attests.
The print The Great Jewish Bride (1635) was thus named in the early 18th century. Specialists now believe that the work represents the Old Testament heroine Esther. Saskia, Rembrandt's wife, was probably the model. The homogeneous lighting and meticulous attention to the rendering of textures are fascinating and reveal the extent to which the artist mastered single and cross-cutting while skilfully combining etching, dry point, and engraving.
The exhibition also displays several works by other artists from whom Rembrandt drew inspiration and the work of some of his students and collaborators. Visitors can also examine several posthumous printings of the master's works and compare the original prints and the later versions. The exhibition is sure to please engraving enthusiasts.
Three major works presented above, from left to right : Three Studies of Heads, One Sleeping, Adam and Eve Saint Jerome Writing Under a Willow Tree.
This major exhibition is enabling the MNBAQ to highlight a selection of works from its collections since Rembrandt's art has inspired many artists since the 17th century. Throughout the exhibition, visitors can admire the works of Québec artists who have drawn inspiration from Rembrandt or Dutch Art from the Golden Age, whether from an iconographic or a stylistic standpoint. The works eloquently show how images and ideas circulated between Europe and North America, thus establishing a productive dialogue between works from different periods and indeed up to contemporary art. The parallels are presented on panels separate from the walls devoted to Rembrandt's engravings.
The 15 works from the MNBAQ's collections that accompany the exhibition have been produced by Martin Bourdeau, Clarence Gagnon, Betty Goodwin, Cornelius Krieghoff, Joseph Légaré, Adrian Melaer, Ernst Neumann, William Notman, Amélie Proulx, Jocelyn Robert, Robert Savoie, and Harven van Steenwyck.
Visitors who wish to examine in greater depth the exhibition can do so with the audio guide created by the MNBAQ. They can discover Rembrandt's creative genius and why the modernity of his printed works fascinates as much as it does today. The circuit is available free of charge in English and in French on mobile devices. It highlights the key engravings assembled at the MNBAQ, the themes that Rembrandt explored during his prolific career, his sources of inspiration, and the personal life of this ambitious, fervid artist. It proposes a fascinating voyage to the heart of Rembrandt's life.
To listen : https://www.mnbaq.org/activite/audioguide-rembrandt-etchings-from-the-museum-boijmans-van-beuningen-1296
1606
Birth of Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn in Leiden (Netherlands). He is the ninth of ten children born to miller Harmen Gerritszoon van Rijn and Neeltgen Willemsdochter van Zuytbrouck, a baker's daughter. The family name van Rijn, meaning "from the Rhine," alludes to the river running beside the family mill.
1620
Having studied at the town's Latin School for several years, Rembrandt enrolls at Leiden University.
1624
After completing an apprenticeship with the painter Jacob van Swanenburg and pursuing his training in the Amsterdam studio of history painter Pieter Lastman, Rembrandt establishes himself as an independent artist in Leiden and produces his first works.
1628
Rembrandt executes his first dated etchings – two portraits of his mother – and his first self-portraits.
1631
Rembrandt moves to the bustling and cosmopolitan city of Amsterdam, where he resides with the art dealer Hendrick Uylenburgh.
1632
Rembrandt receives his first major commission, Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (The Hague, Mauritshuis).
1633
Rembrandt begins signing his paintings with his first name only, emulating such great painters of the Italian Renaissance as Leonardo, Michelangelo and Raphael.
1634
Rembrandt marries Saskia Uylenburgh, his art dealer's niece and the wealthy heiress to a former mayor of Leeuwarden. The artist is made a citizen of Amsterdam and joins the city's painters' guild. His studio attracts numerous students.
1639
Rembrandt and Saskia purchase, on credit, a sumptuous house in the centre of Amsterdam, now the Museum Rembrandthuis (Rembrandt House Museum). The artist becomes a keen collector of art works and curiosities.
1642
Saskia dies at the age of thirty from tuberculosis, less than a year after giving birth to the couple's son, Titus. Rembrandt completes The Night Watch (Amsterdam, Rijksmuseum).
1648
Rembrandt publishes his most famous etching, The Hundred Guilder Print.
1653
Faced with financial difficulties after years of extravagant spending, the artist appeals to his friends for loans. He executes The Three Crosses, one of the high points of his work as a printmaker.
1654
Birth of Cornelia, the daughter of the artist and his young servant, Hendrickje Stoffels. Accused of fornication, Hendrickje is summoned before the church council.
1656
The artist declares insolvency and his possessions are inventoried. Over the next two years his large art collection, which includes several thousand prints by Northern and Italian artists, will be sold off.
1658
The artist and his family move into a modest house in the Jordaan district. Following Rembrandt's bankruptcy, his young son Titus and his common-law wife Hendrickje take formal charge of his art business.
1662
Rembrandt undertakes his last major painting commission, The Syndics of the Amsterdam Drapers' Guild (Rijksmuseum).
1663
Hendrickje dies of the plague.
1665
Rembrandt produces his last etching, a portrait of Jan Antonides van der Linden.
1667
The Florentine Duke Cosimo III de' Medici visits Rembrandt, referring to him as a "famous painter."
1668
Titus marries, but dies in the fall of the same year.
1669
Death of Rembrandt at the age of sixty-three. His final paintings are self-portraits.
The works in this exhibition are drawn from the celebrated print collection of the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam, founded in 1849. Its collection comprises more than 150 000 artworks created from 1350 to the present and includes some of Europe's biggest groupings of Flemish and Dutch, Impressionist, and Surrealist painting. The museum is closed for several years to undergo major renovations. In 2021 it inaugurated the world's first publicly accessible art storage facility, where its complete collection is accessible to the public.
To obtain additional information, please visit https://www.boijmans.nl/en
The exhibition has been made possible by an exceptional loan of artworks from the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. It has received financial support from the Québec government and Québec City under the Agreement on Cultural Development. The contribution comes from the Mesure d'aide financière à l'intention des musées d'État pour des expositions internationales majeures.
The Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec is a state corporation funded by the Gouvernement du Québec.
Curator
Peter van der Coelen
Curator of Prints and Drawings
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
André Gilbert
Commissaire d'expositions, MNBAQ
Management
Sandra TATSAKIS
Directrice Director International Exhibitions, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Mandy PRINS
Project Coordinator, Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Yasmée Faucher
Cheffe du Service de la muséographie, MNBAQ
Marie-Hélène Audet
Cheffe du Service de la médiation, MNBAQ
Catherine GAUMOND
Head of the Restoration, Imaging and Digital Innovation Service, MNBAQ
Isolda GAVIDIA
Registrar and Curator of the Rencontres Collection, MNBAQ
Audioguide
Andréanne LESAGE, Responsable de la médiation adulte, MNBAQ
Design and graphic design
LA BANDE À PAUL
Rembrandt. Gravures du Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen
Pierre Lassonde Pavilion
From April 25 to Septembre 2, 2024
SOURCE Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec
PRESS CONTACTS: Linda Tremblay, Media Relations Officer, MNBAQ, 418 262-4681, [email protected]; Montréal: Rosemonde Gingras, Rosemonde Communications, 514 458-8355, [email protected]; INFORMATION: 418 643-2150 or 1 866 220-2150, mnbaq.org
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